After the Great Revolution in 1857, the British authority passed in their parliament, the Indian Council Act,1861. This was reconstituted after 30 years, in 1892. The Indian people placed a demand for a representative Government. In response to their demand the British Government amended the above act to introduce community-wise reservation for some seats, imposing conditions for Indians to enter Government services and fixing the exchange value of Indian currency with British currency in such a fashion that India would lose crores of rupees. All these factors influenced the minds of the learned people of India including the Government pension holder, Bankim Chandra . A meeting was convened in the hall of Chaitanya Library presided by Bankimchandra. Rabindranath wrote an essay to be read at the meeting. He was asked to read the essay in front of Bankimchandra prior to the meeting so that Bankimchandra could judge that nothing objectionable was there which might lead to a penal case.
Not only this essay, he wrote 'Engrejer Atanka', an essay explaining the necessity of Hindu Muslim Unity, 'Subicharer Adhikar' , ' Raja O Praja' and 'Rajnitir dwidha'. All these essays bore the testimony of patrotism of Rabindranath.
At the same time Rabindranath was moved at the oppression by the British on the Zulus of South Africa. From this time onwards, communal sentiments were injected amongst the Indians which vitiated the social life of Indians.
This ill feelings between the two communities developed, at first, in Maharashtra where Lokmanya Tilak encouraged Hindu patriotism organising Shivaji Utsab, Sarbajanin Ganapati Puja etc. An organisation was established in the name of "Save the mother Cow" , as a symbol for Hindu religion. On the other hand slaughtering of cows are necessary rituals for the Muslims. Such disagreements led to communal riots. The Government may have been able to stop the disturbance but they did not.
